父母亲社会经济状况与低出生体质量儿的相关性探讨

①目的 探讨父母亲社会经济状况与低出生体质量儿发生的关系。②方法 采用病例对照研究方法，对190名低出生体质量儿和750名正常出生体质量儿的父母亲进行了相关因素调查，用Logistic回归分析进行了危险因素分析。③结果 母亲年龄大于35岁、母亲的职业为教师或农民、父亲吸烟、母亲孕期吸烟及年家庭收人低是发生低出生体质量儿的危险因素(OR=1．280～7．290)，母亲身高与低出生体质量儿的发生率呈负相关关系(OR=0．898)。④结论 父母亲的社会经济状况与低出生体质量儿的发生有关。     

Effects of weight loss in overweight/obese individuals and long-term lipid outcomes – a systematic review

This paper aims to review the evidence for long‐term effectiveness of weight loss on cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides in overweight/obese people. Current evidence is mostly based on short‐term studies. A systematic review of long‐term lipid outcomes of weight loss in studies published between 1966 and 2001, was conducted. Inclusion criteria included all cohort studies and trials carried out on participants with body mass index of greater than or equal to 28 kg m^?2. Studies had at least two weight change measurements and follow‐up of more than 2 years. Thirteen long‐term studies with a follow‐up of more than 2 years were included. Cholesterol has a significant positive linear relationship with weight change (r = 0.89) where change in weight explains about 80% of the cholesterol difference variation (Adj R² = 0.80). For every 10 kg weight loss a drop of 0.23 mmol L^?1 in cholesterol may be expected for a person suffering from obesity or are grossly overweight. Weight loss has long‐term beneficial effects especially on LDL and cholesterol. Weight loss in obese patients should be encouraged and sustained.     

低分子肝素对不稳定型心绞痛病理生理干预作用的研究

目的:观察低分子肝素(LMWH)对不稳定型心绞痛((UAP)的临床症状、心电图、血脂以及内皮素(ET)的影响。方法:前瞻性地将84例UAP患者随机分为两组:对照组使用硝酸甘油、倍他乐克、阿司匹林等药物;治疗组(LMWH组)在上述治疗基础上加用LMWH(速避凝)。治疗前后调查临床症状以及心电图改变,抽血测定血脂、红细胞压积、血小板及内皮素水平的变化。结果:两组治疗后,患者心绞痛发作次数、持续时间以及硝酸甘油的用量明显减少,心电图明显改善,且LMWH组优于对照组(P<0.05)。LMWH治疗后,患者HCT、TC、TG及ET较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05)。对照组血浆ET水平无变化。结论:LMWH对UAP患者不仅具有抗凝抗栓作用,而且可以降低血液粘度、保护血管内皮细胞,纠正脂类代谢紊乱状态,     

Structural variations in the crystal structures of two homologous DL-Leu and Δ-Leu containing peptides+

The similar conformations and interaction modes of Ac-DL-Leu-Nme₂ and Ac-Δ-Leu-NMe₂ molecules in the solid state allow the comparison of their geometrical parameters. The most evident variations are essentially restricted to the α,β-unsaturated side-chain which adopts the Z-disposition. The dimensions of the peptide backbone are much less sensitive to α,β-unsaturation, with a small shortening by 0.04 Å and 0.02 Å of the N-C^α and C^α-C′ bonds, respectively, and an increase by 6° of the N-C^α- C′ bond angle. The ethylenic and amide groups in the Δ-Leu derivative are far from coplanarity, and a significant electronic conjugation of the π-orbital is likely to be rejected.     

Clinical and manometric evaluation of anorectal function following low anterior resection with low anastomotic line using an EEA™ stapler for rectal cancer

Anorectal function was evaluated in eight patients who had low anterior resection of the rectum with a low anastomotic line, using an EEA^™ stapler, with determination of function based on periodic manometric studies and clinical symptoms. Immediately following surgery all patients suffered from frequent bowel actions and soiling. These symptoms improved with time and most patients could enjoy almost normal daily life by the sixth postoperative month. One month after surgery, anal canal resting pressure and maximum squeeze pressure were significantly reduced and rectoanal inhibitory reflex was absent; neither showed a distinct tendency to improve thereafter. Rectal sensation and reservoir capacity, which also were seriously impaired, recovered satisfactorily by the time of the six-month examination. This suggests that an improvement of clinical symptoms following this operation is dependent upon the recovery of reservoir capacity and sensation of the neorectum, and that this operative procedure is a functionally acceptable option for low rectal cancer.     

The Dutch twin register: Growth data on weight and height

As part of a longitudinal developmental study of newborn and young Dutch twins, data on weight and height are collected. Birth weight and height are available for 3275 pairs; data on growth, for 1390 pairs.     

Correlations between bone mineral density and demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical variables in community-dwelling Japanese women 69 years of age and over

Introduction A few epidemiologic studies have comprehensively attempted to identify risk factors for low bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly Asian women. The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, lifestyle, and biochemical factors correlated with BMD in elderly Japanese women 69 years of age and over.Methods The study design was cross-sectional. The subjects were 583 ambulatory women aged 69 years and over, and their average age was 74.3 (SD 4.4) years. Predictor variables were age, reproductive history, anthropometric indices, grip strength, calcium intake, lifestyle information, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)₂D), osteocalcin (OC), and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) values. The outcome variable was forearm BMD measured with a DTX-200 osteometer.Results Simple linear regression analyses showed that BMD was significantly positively associated with body height, weight, body mass index, grip strength, serum albumin concentration, and “housework,” and negatively associated with age, years since menopause, age at menarche, number of children, serum 1,25(OH)₂D concentration, serum OC concentration, and ucOC concentration. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that weight (β=0.00316, SE=0.00028, R²=0.180), age (β=−0.00321, SE=0.00050, R²=0.108), log-transformed serum OC (β=−0.0445, SE=0.0064, R²=0.053), log-transformed serum 1,25(OH)₂D (β=−0.0401, SE=0.0074, R²=0.050), “farmwork” (β=0.00904, SE=0.00426, R²=0.005), and serum 25(OH)D concentration (β=0.000281, SE=0.000120, R²=0.003) were significantly associated with BMD.Conclusion It was concluded that body weight is a major predictor of forearm BMD among the factors measured in this study in independent Japanese women 69 years of age and over and that serum 1,25(OH)₂D concentration may be associated with cortical BMD. Maintenance of body weight is very important for maintaining BMD in this population, unless a large weight aggravates obesity-related diseases. A follow-up study is needed to confirm these findings.     

Therapeutic effects of liposomal adriamycin in combination with tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Liposomes as drug carriers in cancer chemotherapy have attracted considerable interest. To enhance the therapeutic effect of Adriamycin entrapped in liposomes (Lip-ADM) on human solid tumors, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Lip-ADM in combination with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha), which is known to have specific effects on tumor vasculature. rTNF-alpha or saline solution was injected intravenously into nude mice bearing a human colon cancer strain, HC-1, at 1 hour before intravenous administration of Lip-ADM. The significant therapeutic effect of Lip-ADM in combination with rTNF-alpha was demonstrated by the evaluation with tumor growth curve and the actual tumor weights, in comparison with groups of mice treated with saline solution, rTNF-alpha alone, or with a Lip-ADM after saline. Levels of Adriamycin in tumor tissue in the Lip-ADM in combination with rTNF-alpha-treated group were higher than those in Lip-ADM with saline solution-treated group.     

Influence of heparin on fibrinogen and D-dimer plasma levels in acute myocardial infarction treated with streptokinase

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether, to whatextent, and through which mechanisms intravenous heparin, administeredbefore and after streptokinase, affects the plasma levels ofD-dimer and fibrinogen in myocardial infarction. Data concerningmortality and incidence of coronary recanalization in patientsreceiving heparin and thrombolytic therapy after acute myocardialinfarction are controversial; furthermore, the mechanisms throughwhich heparin acts in combination with thrombolytic therapyare unclear. Thirty-eight patients with acute myocardial infarctiontreated with streptokinase were considered. Nineteen of themreceived, immediately before the beginning of thrombolytic treatment,a bolus of heparin (100 U. kg¹ intravenously) and, 2 h later,intravenous heparin in doses raising the partial thromboplastintime to 2-2.5 times the normal value (Group 1); the remaining19 did not receive anticoagulant treatment (Group 2). Multipledeterminations of plasma D-dimer and fibrinogen levels wereobtained in all patients before, and in the seven days followingthrombolytic treatment. Six hours after streptokinase, fibrinogendecreased from 304 ± 34 to 61 ± 34 mg. dt¹ inGroup 1 and from 312 ± 29 to 38 ±21 mg. dt¹ inGroup 2 (P<002 versus Group 1). The same difference betweengroups persisted at the 12th and at the 18th hour. D-dimer values,from 0-5 ± 01 \ig. dl¹ in Group 1 and 04 ±01 fig.dt¹ in Group 2, increased at the 1st hour to 37.2 ± 36.5fig. dt¹ and 52.2 ± 39.8 µg. dl¹, respectively.A peak value was reached in both groups at the 6th hour, whichwas followed by a slow decrease. A significant difference betweenthe two groups (P<0.05) was observed at the 1st, 2nd, 4thand 6th hour. An inverse correlation between maximal changesof fibrinogen and of D-dimer was found in both groups (r= 0.89,P<0.001 in Group 1; r=-0.81, P<0.001 in Group 2). The relationship between D-dimer and fibrinogen variations afterstreptokinase and changes induced by heparin, support the hypothesisthat the decrease of fibrinogen, following thrombolysis, isnot only the consequence of its direct degradation, but alsothe result of its transformation by streptokinase into fibrin,fibrin cross-linked (with facilitation of thrombogenic condition)and then into the stable catabolite, D-dimer. These data confirma thrombogenic effect of streptokinase therapy; this tendencycan be limited by prompt use of high doses of heparin.